Queen Anne Style

Queen Anne Style

Activity 1

1.     Define civil engineering.

Civil Engineering is the designing and construction of structures.   Such as roads, dams, and bridges.

2.     Define architecture.

Architecture is the designing and planning of constructing a building.

3.     Describe the origination of the concept of architecture?

Architecture originated from the Roman coliseum to the Egyptian pyramids.  Any ancient culture had some type of architecture.

4.     In ancient times how were building materials chosen?

What they used depended on many things.  For example, the degree of civilization, what was available at the time, and the climate.

5.     Give two examples of vernacular architecture.

Two examples of vernacular architecture are Tepees and Igloos.

6.     Name and describe the type of system used to create many early buildings.                             Vernacular architecture was the system many early civiliztions used, its the use of the surrounding materials to construct a shelter or building.  

7.     What was the purpose of the Egyptian pyramids? Mexican pyramids?

The reason for Egyptian pyramids was for religious purposes, they held treasures and remains from past leaders.  The reason for the Mayan pyramids were similar, some were ment to be climed while others were so sacred they were  not supposed to be touched.  

8.  What kind of construction method was used to build the parthenon?  Made a simple sketch to illistrate.
They used pillars to support the building.

9.     What problem in architecture led to this form of construction?

There was no way to support the roof.

10. Explain how an arch is created.

Archs are blocks placed so that they will be curved to support eachother.  The main block is called the keystone, which is the block that is a the top and center.

11.  How is the vault used in civil engineering?

Allows the construction of bridges and walk ways.

12.  Give an example of an arch and dome system.

Archs were used in many Roman bridges, while the patheon had a dome structure.

13.  Give an example of a modern material we have that was not available to the ancients. How did this restrict construction in ancient times?

A material we have that was not available to the ancients was steel.  Steel allows us to build high towers, due to the lack of steel the ancients were not able to build towers near the size of ours.

14.  What was the purpose of the Roman aqueducts?

The purpose was to deliver fresh drinking water to the city.  It also supplied water for bathing and fountains.

15.  Compare ancient Greek roads to ancient Roman roads.

In ancient Rome the roads were paved and well planned, while the Greek roads were not as nearly well built or planned. 

16. Describe an ancient Roman bridge.

Roman bridges had an arched structure and were made of stone.  These were the first large and long lasting bridges.

17. How did building materials and methods change after the Romans?

Romans changed the methods of architecture in many ways.  Such as the building of stone bridges, the creation of the coliseum, and the paved roads.  As far as the use of materials, the really introduced the use of concrete.

Conclusion

1.     Give an example of a modern pyramid not shown in the presentation. How does its function differ from that of the Egyptian pyramids? What do you think accounts for this difference?

The Transamerica building in downtown San Francisco is a modern day pyrimid shaped building.  The use for it differs from the Egyptians because it is used for as a work place for a corporation, while the Egyptians used their pyrimids for a religous purpose.  The reason for this is because todays beliefs are differant than the Egyptains as far as religon, also we are more advanced.

2.     Give an example of a modern structure that uses an arch and dome system.
Two examples of modern day domes are the Library of Congress and Taj Mahal.  Two examples of modern day arches are the Eiffel tower and the Gateway Arch.

3.     What is the main purpose of modern roads? How is the cost of modern roadways defrayed?
The purpose for roads is to get to a a destination quickly and efficiently.  The cost of the roads are payed for by taxes, money that we as citizens pay.